digitization

The Student Years: Edward Redfield’s Student Drawings Now Online

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Before he became one of America’s most celebrated impressionists and a cornerstone of the New Hope art colony, Edward Redfield (1869-1965) was a student honing his craft at the Academy. We are thrilled to announce the recent acquisition of a small collection of Redfield’s student works, created between 1887 and 1889. These are particularly unique as students rarely preserved any of their student work.

The complete digitized collection is now fully accessible online via our Digital Archives, offering researchers, students, and art enthusiasts free access to these foundational works. Explore the new collection today and trace the early steps of a master landscape painter.

Collection Highlights

Pedagogical Insight: Gain a rare window into the traditional academic curriculum that shaped a generation of American masters under the influence of the Eakins-era PAFA framework.

Foundational Studies: Explore early technical exercises, including meticulous plaster cast and architectural ornament studies of leaves, hands, and feet.

Life Drawings: View advanced charcoal and graphite nude figure studies that demonstrate the rigorous anatomical training of the late 19th-century academy.

Behind the Scenes: Photographing Unique 3D Objects

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Contributed by Sharon Yoon, Collections and Technical Services Assistant and Zoe Smith, Digital Studio Technician

Digitizing museum objects is a core function of collections management. High-quality imaging supports scholarly research, facilitates exhibition planning, and provides greater access. By adhering to rigorous post-processing standards, the Academy ensures that visual records remain viable for long-term digital preservation.

Case Study: Linda Kramer, The Prisoners of Love, 1982. Porcelain china painted, 22 x 14 x 12in. Funds provided by Robert and Frances Coulborn, 2016.2

Photographing complex, multi-part objects requires technical precision balanced with stringent handling protocols. The work by Linda Kramer consists of four distinct, delicate porcelain components. Due to their fragile, irregular geometry and lack of independent stability, the session required a coordinated workflow between the photographer and the collections team.

Workflow

  • Pre-Capture Verification: Each component was positioned according to archival reference photos to ensure the artist’s original intent was maintained.
  • Staged Handling: Transfers and rotations were executed with deliberate, slow-motion to mitigate the risk of damage.
  • Lighting and Surface Analysis: Lighting was configured specifically to highlight sculptural depth and ceramic surface texture without overexposure.
  • Real-Time QC: Images were tethered to a workstation for immediate review, allowing for instantaneous adjustments to focus and exposure.

Data Integrity and Post-Processing

Following the physical session, the files underwent a standardized post-processing phase:

  • Color Calibration: Accurate color representation was verified against physical color targets.
  • Master File Archiving: High-resolution TIFF files were generated as the preservation masters.
  • Access Derivatives: Web-ready copies were created for the Academy’s internal databases and digital platforms.

Impact

This process represents a critical intersection of documentation and stewardship. Each digital surrogate allows the work to be studied and shared without the physical risk associated with repeated handling of the original media.

Exciting New Acquisition: Blanche Dillaye’s Collection Now Digitized and Open for Research!

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We’re thrilled to announce the recent acquisition and digitization of a remarkable collection of works by American artist Blanche Dillaye, dating from circa 1928. This newly available archive features 38 exquisite pencil sketches and one reflective poem, offering a rare glimpse into Dillaye’s travels and artistic vision during the late 1920s.

From the cobbled streets of Looe and Dinan to the architectural charm of Moret and the serene landscapes of Lelant, Dillaye’s drawings capture the textures, moods, and quiet beauty of European towns and countryside with masterful detail. Her accompanying poem, Trees, adds a lyrical layer to the collection, echoing themes of nature, presence, and timelessness.

Cobbled Street in Dinan, France (MS.2025.02-44)

Now fully digitized, this collection is open to researchers, educators, and art enthusiasts. Whether you’re studying early 20th-century travel sketching, American women artists abroad, or simply drawn to the elegance of pencil work, Dillaye’s collection offers rich material for exploration.

We invite you to dive into this evocative body of work and discover the world through Blanche Dillaye’s eyes. https://pafaarchives.org/s/digital/item-set/175232

Newly Digitized Collection Available Online: Chester Springs Student Registration Cards

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We are thrilled to announce the completion of a major digitization project within the PAFA Archives: The Chester Springs Student Registration Cards. (https://pafaarchives.org/s/digital/page/chester-springs) For decades, these cards have been the primary—and often the only—proof of a student’s time spent at PAFA’s historic summer campus. Now, for the first time, this entire collection is available online, offering a searchable window into the lives of over 2,300 artists who studied in the rolling hills of Chester County.

A Legacy of “Open-Air” Art

In 1917, PAFA embraced the Impressionist-led “plein air” movement by opening the Academy Country School (popularly known as Chester Springs). Located about six miles from Phoenixville on a site steeped in history—from a pre-Revolutionary medicinal spa to a Revolutionary War hospital—the campus offered 100 acres of creative freedom.

Until its closure in 1952, the school was a vibrant village of art. A former hotel served as a dormitory, while barns and sheds were transformed into sun-drenched studios. Students spent six-week sessions painting landscapes, open-air figures, and still lifes, balanced by games of tennis, croquet, and swims in the local pools.

What the Collection Reveals

The archives has digitized every single student registration card from the Chester Springs records. This extensive list of 2,315 individual names provides vital documentation that can confirm:

  • Personal Details: Registered names and home addresses.
  • Academic History: Specific dates of attendance and courses taken.
  • Financial Records: Tuition and fee payments.
  • Special Distinctions: Notes on veteran status (GI Bill), scholarship awards, and even dormitory assignments.

Each entry allows you to click the student’s name to view the scan of their original index card. Because many artists returned year after year, these cards are displayed sequentially to show their growth and history with the school.

Start Your Research: Specialized Browse Lists

To help you navigate this vast collection, we have curated several specialized categories. Whether you are a genealogist, an art historian, or just curious about the Academy’s history, these links provide a great starting point:

A Collaborative Effort

This project was made possible by the dedicated work of our staff and PAFA students. We would like to extend our deepest thanks to the project contributors:

  • Sharon Yoon, Museum Collections Assistant (Project Lead)
  • Lily Kalinovsky, PAFA BFA (Lead Digitization Technician)
  • Nina Clifton, PAFA BFA
  • Victor Surbrook, PAFA BFA
  • Hoang Tran, Director of Library, Archives, & Collections

A Note on Accuracy: While we have made every effort to transcribe these names accurately, historical handwriting can be a challenge! If you believe a name has been transcribed incorrectly, please contact the Archives.

Newly Digitized Collection Available Online: The PAFA School Catalogs 

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Contributed by Sharon Yoon, Museum Collections Assistant 

The PAFA School Catalogs are valuable archival records that help provide insight into over 130 years of school operations. Historically known as “Circulars”, the school catalogs provided students and prospective students with information such as school policies, programs, scholarships, schedules, fees, prizes, and instructors. After 1908, the catalogs included illustrations of classes, work by students, and exhibitions of student work. Catalogs from the 1920s show many views of classes and grounds at the Chester Springs campus. From 1940, photographs of faculty and their work were prominently featured.  

The catalogs provide important details on the curriculum, the instructors, and the overall artistic training environment at the Academy, making the collection particularly useful to those interested in 19th and 20th century American Art education.  

Online view of 1891 Circular (https://pafaarchives.org/s/digital/item/165026#lg=1&slide=0)

For this digitization project, collections staff continued using a DSLR/copy stand setup that was outlined from our pilot project in April 2024 (Testing a new method to digitize archival collections) .  

As there were over 100 catalogs (and nearly 4,000 pages!) to digitize, using a flatbed scanner for this project would have been time-consuming and inefficient for staff. Moreover, since the text was the most important aspect of the records, we were less concerned about the overall “image quality”. However, as mentioned in the previous blog post, a large obstacle that presented itself during this project was post-processing. Each image needed to be individually rotated, cropped, and color corrected. Afterwards, all the pages had to be converted and combined into a PDF file. These files were then organized by year and run through OCR software, which recognizes and converts text within images to be machine readable. Finishing this step resulted in 118 digital reproductions of the Academy’s school catalogs that are now freely available online: https://pafaarchives.org/s/digital/item-set/29807  

For more information on the school’s history, please see “School History” here: https://pafaarchives.org/s/digital/page/historicalresources 

Newly Digitized Collection Available Online: The Morris Gallery photographs 

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Contributed by Sharon Yoon, Museum Collections Assistant 

We’re excited to announce that the digitization of the Morris Gallery photographs is complete. You can browse the images on PAFA’s Digital Archives: https://pafaarchives.org/s/digital/item-set/159894 or view our dedicated Morris Gallery page here: https://pafaarchives.org/s/digital/page/morrisgallery

In 1978, PAFA established the Morris Gallery on the ground level of the Furness-Hewitt building with the specific intent of exhibiting contemporary work by living artists with Philadelphia ties. The Gallery has housed numerous exhibitions by influential artists such as Robert Ryman, Vik Muniz, Nan Goldin, Laylah Ali, Virgil Marti, Alyson Shotz, and Emil Lukas, among many others.   

In addition, more conventional exhibitions focusing on art associated with the Academy or its traditions helped spread knowledge of the institution’s heritage and collections. As the program continually developed through the decades, it served as a showcase for a diverse array of artists from the Philadelphia region and beyond. 

In Our Academy, PAFA Newsletter 1978 (RG.05.04) 

Named after Harrison S. Morris (1856-1948), the turn-of-the-century secretary and managing director of the Academy from 1892 to 1905, the Gallery was located on the ground floor of the Furness-Hewitt building; the space was restored by Catharine Morris Wright, in memory of her father.  

To read more about Harrison S. Morris, please see: https://pafaarchives.org/s/digital/page/timeline 

The Morris Gallery assumed the function of the Peale House galleries, which had originally featured works by both European and American artists. The broad focus of the Peale House galleries shifted in the early 1970s to highlight the work of younger, talented but unrecognized artists with special consideration given to those living or working in Philadelphia. The transfer of these exhibitions to the newly renovated and larger space of the Morris Gallery consolidated the Academy’s exhibition programs to one building and reaffirmed the institution’s continuing interest in contemporary art. From its inaugural exhibition in March 1978 (John Dowell: Recent Paintings), the Gallery has been a space for art of a range of mediums: drawing, painting, sculpture, photography, performance, and site-specific installations. 

John Dowell: Recent Paintings (1978)

Steve Powers: The Magic Word (2007-08)

Woofy Bubbles performance (1984)

Lynn Denton: Sophia’s House— An Installation (1983) 

After a series of part-time curators, the Academy hired a full-time head for the Morris Gallery program and for other contemporary exhibitions. Judith E. Stein held this position from 1983 until 1994. She was advised by the Morris Gallery Committee, consisting of board members, local artists, and Academy staff. In 1994, the gallery space was converted to a video and orientation theater. As a result, exhibitions were held in the main galleries for two years. The program resumed exhibitions in the original ground floor location in 1998. Subsequent Morris Gallery and Contemporary Art curators have widened the scope of this program, and the Morris Gallery Committee has been discontinued. 

Odd Fellows: Marcel Dzama, Michael Dumontier, and Andrew Jeffrey Wright (2003),

Nannette Clark and Scott Rothstein: Recent Work (1994)

Charles Burns (1999) 

Toshiko Takaezu: Recent Work (1992)

Various Morris Gallery exhibition programs (RG.02.06.05) 

Throughout the years, over 1,000 photographs were taken of exhibitions held at the Morris Gallery between 1978 and 2009. All images have been digitized and organized by Museum staff and can now be viewed as part of the archive’s digital collection. Please also see the finding aid here: https://pafaarchives.org/PAFA-DigitalArchives/FindingAids/Photographs/PC.01.12_MorrisGallery.pdf

Creative Setups for Photographing  

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Contribute by Zoe Smith, IMLS Collections Photographer 

Photographing sculptures—especially those with ornate details or unconventional shapes—often presents logistical challenges. Each piece requires a tailored approach to ensure it’s captured safely and effectively. Depending on the artwork, we might mount it on a wall or easel, use foam blocks to protect delicate corners, or simply place it on a table. Every setup is different.

One particularly tricky piece was Thomas P. Anshutz by Adam Pietz (accession #1938.6). This relief sculpture has small legs underneath its rectangular base, which made it impossible to position upright on our easel. To work around this, we photographed it on its side.

Maintaining consistent lighting across all our relief sculpture images is important to me, so I had to get creative. I positioned a large softbox above the sculpture, aimed toward the hair of Thomas P. Anshutz, and placed a smaller softbox below the camera, directed at the face. To enhance the highlights on the top and bottom edges, I added a reflector and a low-powered umbrella light.

The final result captured the shape and dimensionality of the relief beautifully—and matched the lighting style used for the rest of our collection.

Another setup included hanging a fragile plaster piece by Beatrice Fenton, Life Cast of Emily Clayton Bishop’s Left Hand (accession #1984.43). We screwed into a piece of wood and used white gaff tape to cover the hardware to minimize any unwanted color cast onto the sculpture. Every piece requires a new and challenging setup to get the best results.   

Digital Treasure Trove: Preventing unwanted reflections part 2, DIY V Flats 

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Contributed by Zoe Smith, IMLS Museum Collections Assistant and Photographer

A challenge when photographing glazed works of art is the reflective nature of the plexiglass. To minimize reflections, we need to make everything around the camera black. In a previous post, we mentioned the process of using a large black velvet cloth set up on a backdrop. While that setup worked for many of our glazed works, the cloth was too small for our very large works.

Since PAFA does not have a dedicated photography studio, we also wanted to create a more portable solution that would also help us address the reflection issues of oversized works. I did some research and found some DIY ways to make a V Flat. A V Flat is a black piece of foam core that folds in half creating a V shape. Sharon Yoon (Museum Collections Assistant) and I made some mini prototypes to test out a couple ways to make this with materials we had in the museum before we scaled up to create the larger v flats.

Sharon and Zoe

V Flat prototypes

Instead of the foam folding only one way, we wanted to have it be in quarters to make it even more portable and easy to store. To do this we had to find a non-reflective and strong way to fasten two sides together that was removable. We tried Velcro strips, but they weren’t as strong as we wanted. The next method used framing materials we had, this allowed us to pull the pieces together tightly and the entire structure was much more solid. We used black gaff tape to combine all 4 panels and seal off any potential light leaks at the seam. We made three different V Flats that we can now line up and photograph large reflective pieces like this one by Barbara Krueger (accession 1984.19). Here are before and after images to see the differences when using the V flats.

Photograph without V Flats

Photograph with V Flats

Making these DIY V Flats is a versatile solution to many issues we encounter while photographing and allows us to capture each artwork without distractions. 

Testing a new method to digitize archival collections

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Since much of our archival collections are digitized by work study students or interns, the archives has always relied on flatbed scanners to perform the work. The most obvious benefits for the department include reducing user-errors as well as reducing technical training—digitizers would input the correct settings and basically scan the item. The major downside for scanning archival collections is the time required to scan at preservation level standards. Depending on the size of the record/object, the scan could take anywhere from one to three minutes per item. The minutes surely add up for very large collections.

PAFA is very familiar with using digital cameras to digitize collections—the museum has used cameras to digitize/document its permanent art collection and exhibitions since 2007!

Since we had a spare DSLR camera and copy stand, we thought it would be interesting to test out this new method. We selected a small collection to pilot this digitizing method. The work was completed by Annie Thompson (MFA), the archives’ long-term work-study student.

copystand setup

The pilot project allowed us to get a better sense of the speed and image quality to formulate a baseline to compare to the scanning workflow. While cultural institutions typically focus on creating high-quality reproductions, we kept our expectations low since the technical skills required to use a DSLR with all its settings properly was a huge learning curve.

The obvious benefit of using a camera to digitize collections is the sheer speed—it takes literally a few seconds to create a digital capture. One major hurdle we faced with this new approach was the post-processing time. All digital captures required straightening, cropping, and color adjustments. Some workstations in the archives were too slow to use some software, which made post-processing time consuming.

The pilot project selected the Miscellaneous Photographs collection of cartes-de-visite to photograph. Browse the collection here: https://pafaarchives.org/s/digital/item-set/121443

New Digitized Collections

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We are excited to announce that the archives has completed digitizing a few more photograph collections. The work was completed by Victoria Black (MFA), the archives’ winter work-study student.

The first collection consists of 679 photographs that document the various prizes that students compete for, typically at the end of the school year. These prizes are sometimes referred to as the Spring Scholarship and Prize Competitions.

You can browse the Student Prizes photograph collection here: https://pafaarchives.org/s/digital/item-set/119251

The second collection consists of 149 photographs that document the Edmund Stewardson Prize in Sculpture. The annual prize is competed for by students of the Academy. The subject for the competition is a full-length figure from life, in the round. 

You can browse the Edmund Stewardson Prize in Sculpture photographs here: https://pafaarchives.org/s/digital/item-set/121144